Philosophy Introduction - Introduction to Philosophy

1	Preface
	PART I. ANTIQUITY
2	CHAPTER I. BEFORE SOCRATES
	Philosophical Interpreters of the Universe, of the Creation and Constitution of the World.
3	CHAPTER II. THE SOPHISTS
	Logicians and Professors of Logic,and of the Analysis of Ideas, and of Discussion.
4	CHAPTER III. SOCRATES
	Philosophy Entirely Reduced to Morality, and Morality Considered as the End of all Intellectual Activity.
5	CHAPTER IV. PLATO
	Plato, like Socrates, is Pre-eminently a Moralist, but he Reverts to General Consideration of the Universe, and Deals with Politics and Legislation.
6	CHAPTER V. ARISTOTLE
	A Man of Encyclopaedic Learning; as Philosopher, more especially Moralist and Logician.
7	CHAPTER VI. VARIOUS SCHOOLS
	The Development in Various Schools of the General Ideas of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.
8	CHAPTER VII. EPICIREANISM
	Epicureanism Believes that the Duty of Man is to seek Happiness, and that Happiness Consists in Wisdom.
9	CHAPTER VIII. STOICISM
	The Passions are Diseases which can and must be Extirpated.
10	CHAPTER IX. ECLETICS AND SCEPTICS
	Philosophers who Wished to Belong to No School. Philosophers who Decried All Schools and All Doctrines.
11	CHAPTER X. NEOPATONISM
	Reversion to Metaphysics. Imaginative Metaphysicians after the Manner of Plato, but in Excess.
11	CHAPTER XI. CHRISTIANITY
	Philosophic Ideas which Christianity Welcomed, Adopted, or Created; How it must Give a Fresh Aspect to All Philosophy, even that Foreign to Itself.
	PART II. IN THE MIDDLE AGES
12	CHAPTER I. FROM THE FIFTH CENTURY TO THE THIRTEENTH
	Philosophy is only an Interpreter of Dogma. When it is Declared Contrary to Dogma by the Authority of Religion, it is a Heresy. Orthodox and Heterodox Interpretations. Some Independent Philosophers.
13	CHAPTER II. THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY
	Influence of Aristotle. His Adoption by the Church. Religious Philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas.
14	CHAPTER III. THE THE FOURTEENTH AND FIFTEENTH CENTURIES
	Decadence of Scholasticism. Forebodings of the Coming Era. Great Moralists. The Kabbala. Sorcery.
15	CHAPTER IV. THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY
	It Is Fairly Accurate to Consider that from the Point of View of Philosophy, the Middle Ages Lasted until Descartes. Free-thinkers More or Less Disguised. Partisans of Reason Apart from Faith, of Observation, and of Experiment.
	PART III MODERN TIMES
16	CHAPTER I. THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
	Descartes. Cartesianism.
17	CHAPTER II. CARTESIANS
	All the Seventeenth Century was under the Influence of Descartes. Port-Royal, Bossuet, Fenelon, Malebranche, Spinoza, Leibnitz.
18	CHAPTER III. THE ENGLISH PHILOSOPHERS OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY.
	Locke: His Ideas on Human Liberty, Morality, General Politics, and Religious Politics.
19	CHAPTER IV. THE ENGLISH PHILOSOPHERS OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.
	Berkeley: A Highly Idealist Philosophy which Regarded Matter as Non-existent. David Hume: Sceptical Philosophy. The Scottish School: Philosophy of Common Sense.
20	CHAPTER V. THE FRENCH PHILOSOPHERS OF THE EIGHTTEENTH CENTURY.
	Voltaire a Disciple of Locke. Rousseau a Free-thinking Christian, but deeply Imbued with Religious Sentiments. Diderot a Capricious Materialist. D'Holbach and Helvetius Avowed Materialists. Condillac a Philosopher of Sensations.
21	CHAPTER VI. KANT
	Kant Reconstructed all Philosophy by Supporting it on Morality.

22	CHAPTER VII. THE NINETEENTH CENTURY: GERMANY
	The Great Reconstructors of the World, Analogous to the First Philosophers of Antiquity. Great General Systems, Fichte, Schelling, Hegel, etc.
23	CHAPTER VIII. THE NINETEENTH CENTURY: ENGLAND
	The Great Reconstructors of the World, Analogous to the First Philosophers of Antiquity. Great General Systems, Fichte, Schelling, Hegel, etc.
24	CHAPTER IX. THE NINETEENTH CENTURY: FRANCE
	The Eclectic School: Victor Cousin. The Positivist School: Auguste Comte. The Kantist School: Renouvier. Independent and Complex Positivists: Taine, Renan.