Maoism

Maoism is a Communist philosophy based on the teachings of 20th century 
Communist Party of China revolutionary leader Mao Zedong. It is based 
partially on earlier theories by Marx and Lenin, but rejects the urban 
proletariat and Leninist emphasis on heavy industrialization in favor of 
a revolution supported by the peasantry, and a decentralized agrarian 
economy based on many collectively worked farms.

Many people believe that though the implementation of Maoism in Mainland 
China led to the victory of communist revolution, it also contributed to 
the widespread famine, with millions of people starving to death. Chinese 
Communist leader Deng Xiaoping reinterpreted Maoism to allow for the 
introduction of market economics, which eventually enabled the country to 
recover. As a philosophy, Deng's chief contribution was to reject the 
supremacy of theory in interpreting Marxism and to argue for a policy of 
seeking truth from facts.

Despite this, Maoism has remained a popular ideology for various Communist 
revolutionary groups around the world, notably the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia, 
Sendero Luminoso in Peru, and an ongoing (as of early 2005) Maoist 
insurrection in Nepal.